由于其良好的特性，诸如高强度重量比，设计灵活性，限量的应力浓度，平面力传递，良好损害耐受性和疲劳性，因此越来越多地应用于各种应用的各种应用。寻找粘合剂粘合过程的最佳过程参数是具有挑战性的：优化是固有的多目标（旨在最大限度地提高断裂强度，同时最小化成本）和受约束（该过程不应导致材料的任何视觉损坏，应应对压力测试不会导致粘附相关的故障。实验室中的现实生活实验需要昂贵;由于评估所需的禁止的实验，传统的进化方法（如遗传算法）被否则适合解决问题。在本研究中，我们成功地应用了特定的机器学习技术（高斯过程回归和逻辑回归），以基于有限量的实验数据来模拟目标和约束函数。该技术嵌入贝叶斯优化算法中，该算法成功地以高效的方式检测静态过程设置（即，需要有限数量的额外实验）。

汽车公司越来越多地寻找制作产品更轻，使用小说材料和新型粘合工艺将这些材料一起加入产品。寻找这种粘合剂粘合过程的最佳过程参数是具有挑战性的。在这项研究中，我们通过高斯过程回归和逻辑回归成功地应用了贝叶斯优化，以有效地（即，需要少数实验）指导对Pareto-Optimal Process参数设置的实验设计。

Kirilov et al (2019) develop a metric, called Panoptic Quality (PQ), to evaluate image segmentation methods. The metric is based on a confusion table, and compares a predicted to a ground truth segmentation. The only non straightforward part in this comparison is to align the segments in the two segmentations. A metric only works well if that alignment is a partial bijection. Kirilov et al (2019) list 3 desirable properties for a definition of alignment: it should be simple, interpretable and effectively computable. There are many definitions guaranteeing a partial bijection and these 3 properties. We present the weakest: one that is both sufficient and necessary to guarantee that the alignment is a partial bijection. This new condition is effectively computable and natural. It simply says that the number of correctly predicted elements (in image segmentation, the pixels) should be larger than the number of missed, and larger than the number of spurious elements. This is strictly weaker than the proposal in Kirilov et al (2019). In formulas, instead of |TP|> |FN\textbar| + |FP|, the weaker condition requires that |TP|> |FN| and |TP| > |FP|. We evaluate the new alignment condition theoretically and empirically.

Text detoxification has the potential to mitigate the harms of toxicity by rephrasing text to remove offensive meaning, but subtle toxicity remains challenging to tackle. We introduce MaRCo, a detoxification algorithm that combines controllable generation and text rewriting methods using a Product of Experts with autoencoder language models (LMs). MaRCo uses likelihoods under a non-toxic LM (expert) and a toxic LM (anti-expert) to find candidate words to mask and potentially replace. We evaluate our method on several subtle toxicity and microaggressions datasets, and show that it not only outperforms baselines on automatic metrics, but MaRCo's rewrites are preferred 2.1 $\times$ more in human evaluation. Its applicability to instances of subtle toxicity is especially promising, demonstrating a path forward for addressing increasingly elusive online hate.

We present SODA: the first publicly available, million-scale high-quality social dialogue dataset. Using SODA, we train COSMO: a generalizable conversation agent outperforming previous best-performing agents on both in- and out-of-domain datasets. In contrast to most existing crowdsourced, small-scale dialogue corpora, we distill 1.5M socially-grounded dialogues from a pre-trained language model (InstructGPT; Ouyang et al., 2022). Dialogues are distilled by contextualizing social commonsense knowledge from a knowledge graph (Atomic10x; West et al., 2022). Human evaluation shows that dialogues in SODA are more consistent, specific, and (surprisingly) natural than prior human-authored datasets - e.g., DailyDialog (Li et al., 2017), BlendedSkillTalk (Smith et al., 2020). In addition, extensive evaluations show that COSMO is significantly more natural and consistent on unseen datasets than best-performing dialogue models - e.g., GODEL (Peng et al., 2022), BlenderBot (Roller et al., 2021), DialoGPT (Zhang et al., 2020). Furthermore, it is sometimes even preferred to the original human-written gold responses. We make our data, models, and code public.

Pre-trained language models (LMs) store knowledge in their parameters and can generate informative responses when used in conversational systems. However, LMs suffer from the problem of "hallucination:" they may generate plausible-looking statements that are irrelevant or factually incorrect. To address this problem, we propose a contrastive learning scheme, named MixCL. A novel mixed contrastive objective is proposed to explicitly optimize the implicit knowledge elicitation process of LMs, and thus reduce their hallucination in conversations. We also examine negative sampling strategies of retrieved hard negatives and model-generated negatives. We conduct experiments on Wizard-of-Wikipedia, a public, open-domain knowledge-grounded dialogue benchmark, and assess the effectiveness of MixCL. MixCL effectively reduces the hallucination of LMs in conversations and achieves the highest performance among LM-based dialogue agents in terms of relevancy and factuality. We show that MixCL achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art KB-based approaches while enjoying notable advantages in terms of efficiency and scalability.

Detecting persons in images or video with neural networks is a well-studied subject in literature. However, such works usually assume the availability of a camera of decent resolution and a high-performance processor or GPU to run the detection algorithm, which significantly increases the cost of a complete detection system. However, many applications require low-cost solutions, composed of cheap sensors and simple microcontrollers. In this paper, we demonstrate that even on such hardware we are not condemned to simple classic image processing techniques. We propose a novel ultra-lightweight CNN-based person detector that processes thermal video from a low-cost 32x24 pixel static imager. Trained and compressed on our own recorded dataset, our model achieves up to 91.62% accuracy (F1-score), has less than 10k parameters, and runs as fast as 87ms and 46ms on low-cost microcontrollers STM32F407 and STM32F746, respectively.

Existing natural language understanding (NLU) models often rely on dataset biases rather than intended task-relevant features to achieve high performance on specific datasets. As a result, these models perform poorly on datasets outside the training distribution. Some recent studies address the above issue by reducing the weights of biased samples during the training process. However, these methods still encode biased latent features in representations and neglect the dynamic nature of bias, which hinders model prediction. We propose an NLU debiasing method, named debiasing contrastive learning (DCT), to simultaneously alleviate the above problems based on contrastive learning. We devise a debiasing positive sampling strategy to mitigate biased latent features by selecting the least similar biased positive samples. We also propose a dynamic negative sampling strategy to capture the dynamic influence of biases by employing a bias-only model to dynamically select the most similar biased negative samples. We conduct experiments on three NLU benchmark datasets. Experimental results show that DCT outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on out-of-distribution datasets while maintaining in-distribution performance. We also verify that DCT can reduce biased latent features from the model's representations.

Predicting discrete events in time and space has many scientific applications, such as predicting hazardous earthquakes and outbreaks of infectious diseases. History-dependent spatio-temporal Hawkes processes are often used to mathematically model these point events. However, previous approaches have faced numerous challenges, particularly when attempting to forecast one or multiple future events. In this work, we propose a new neural architecture for multi-event forecasting of spatio-temporal point processes, utilizing transformers, augmented with normalizing flows and probabilistic layers. Our network makes batched predictions of complex history-dependent spatio-temporal distributions of future discrete events, achieving state-of-the-art performance on a variety of benchmark datasets including the South California Earthquakes, Citibike, Covid-19, and Hawkes synthetic pinwheel datasets. More generally, we illustrate how our network can be applied to any dataset of discrete events with associated markers, even when no underlying physics is known.

医学图像分割模型的性能指标用于衡量参考注释和预测之间的一致性。在开发此类模型中，使用了一组通用指标，以使结果更具可比性。但是，公共数据集中的分布与临床实践中遇到的案例之间存在不匹配。许多常见的指标无法衡量这种不匹配的影响，尤其是对于包含不确定，小或空参考注释的临床数据集。因此，可能无法通过此类指标来验证模型在临床上有意义的一致性。评估临床价值的维度包括独立于参考注释量的大小，考虑参考注释的不确定性，体积计和/或位置一致性的奖励以及对空参考注释正确分类的奖励。与普通的公共数据集不同，我们的内部数据集更具代表性。它包含不确定的，小或空的参考注释。我们研究了有关深度学习框架的预测的公开度量指标，以确定哪些设置共同指标可提供有意义的结果。我们将公共基准数据集进行比较而没有不确定，小或空参考注释。该代码将发布。